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- Hammurabi
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- In his position as King of Babylonia, Hammurabi managed to
- organize the world's first code of laws and establish Babylon as the
- dominant and successful Amorite city of its time. "Records written on
- clay tablets show that Hammurabi was a very capable administrator and a
- successful warrior. His rule spanned from 1792 B.C. to 1750 B.C. When
- he became king in 1792, he was still young, but had already become
- entrusted with many official duties in his administration"(Grolier). In
- the early years of his reign, Hammurabi mostly participated in
- traditional activities, such as repairing buildings, digging canals, and
- fighting wars. Yet later in his rule, Hammurabi organized a unique code
- of laws, the first of its kind, therefore making himself one of the
- world's most influential leaders.
-
- Hammurabi was primarily influential to the world because of his
- code of laws. This code consisted of 282 provisions, systematically
- arranged under a variety of subjects. He sorted his laws into groups
- such as family, labor, personal property, real estate, trade, and
- business. This was the first time in history that any laws had been
- categorized into various sections. This format of organization was
- emulated by civilizations of the future. For example, Semitic cultures
- succeeding Hammurabi's rule used some of the same laws that were included
- in Hammurabi's code. Hammurabi's method of thought is evident in present
- day societies which are influenced by his code. Modern governments
- currently create specific laws, which are placed into their appropriate
- family of similar laws. Hammurabi had his laws recorded upon an eight
- foot high black stone monument. Hammurabi based his code on principles
- like, the strong should not injure the weak, and that punishment should
- fit the crime. As for punishment, "legal actions were initiated under
- the code by written pleadings; testimony was taken under oath. The code
- was severe in it's penalties, prescribing "an eye for an eye, a tooth for
- a tooth.""(Grolier). This code of laws was able to be maintained by
- invoking the authority of the gods and the state. Although the
- punishments were different than those of today, the authority of the
- state (government) is similar. Currently, punishments are issued
- through the state's law enforcement system, comparable to the way
- punishment was determined and enforced in ancient Babylon. In the code,
- crimes punishable by death required a trial in front of a bench of
- judges. Included in these crimes were: bigamy, incest, kidnapping,
- adultery and theft. There were also laws similar to today. For example,
- a husband who wished to divorce his wife, was required to pay alimony and
- child support. By creating the world's first set of organized laws,
- Hammurabi constituted a model set of moral codes for other civilizations
- to duplicate.
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- "The code of Hammurabi is believed to have greatly influenced the
- development of Near Eastern civilizations for centuries after it was
- written"(Britannica). Although Hammurabi failed to establish an
- effective bureaucratic system himself, his ideas were successful in
- establishing laws in Babylonia. Since Babylon was the world's first
- metropolis, the large population needed to be bound by a strict set of
- organized civil laws. The way Hammurabi constructed his laws is
- influential to the world today, because laws can be more easily
- understood by the people.
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- Bibliography
- "Code of Hammurabi." Encyclopedia Britannica (1989), X, 682.
- "Hammurabi." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia (1994).
- "Hammurabi." Compton's Encyclopedia (1990), XI, 225.